Motion and its Types

A motion is a topic or subject proposed as a basis of dis­cussion. Since a member at a meeting formally introduces or moves a subject for discussion it is called a motion. With the permission of the chairman a motion is moved by an individual. He ‘secures the floor’, addresses the chairman and makes a short speech in support of the motion.
Immediately after that another member stands up and ‘seconds’ it. A motion when seconded is called a proposal and it is before the meeting. If no one seconds a motion, it ‘falls to the ground’ and no discussion takes place on it. A formal motion like ‘point of order’ or a motion by the chairman does not require seconding.

Rules Regarding Motion:

• Only one ‘motion` can be moved at a time.
• A motion should preferably be placed in writing, signed by the mover.
• The wording must be properly made so that it can be converted into a resolution in proper form. Generally the help of the secretary is sought in this respect as he is an expert in this line.
• Usually the language of a motion is `affirmative` i.e. an intention to do something. Some formal motions may be `negative`.
• The language shall be clear and unambiguous (no double meaning).
• It shall be within the powers of the body that is holding the meeting.
• It shall be within the scope of the notice.

Consequences of a Motion:

Once a motion is moved and seconded the following events will happen:

• Discussion on the topic will start- The members or the participants, intending to speak (a proxy cannot speak) on it either in favour or against, will take permission of the chairman or speak.
• Amendments or alterations may be suggested by some others. Amendment of an amendment may be suggested.
• After a discussion for a long time, the chairman may order or the members may ask for closure.
• Voting on the proposal shall take place. If any amend­ment is suggested then the amendment shall be put to vote first. If the amendment is passed then the original motion as altered shall be put to vote. If the amendment is lost then the original motion shall be put to vote. The motion, with or without amendment, if passed, then there is a resolution.
• A motion, which is before the meeting, may be withdrawn by the proposer before it has been voted upon provided the secondary also agrees it to withdraw it.
• Once a motion passed into a resolution may be reconsidered if a large number of participants want to reconsider it after their second thought and the chairman permits.

Types of Motions:

Motions are of different types.

The classification is on the basis of importance and procedure of moving. They are:

• Primary Motion:
  It means a motion related to some important function of the organisation. For example, a motion on the section of an individual as director of a company. It is also known as the original motion.
• Secondary Motion:
  It means a motion related to some amendment of a motion. Sometimes some words are added as adden­dum to a primary motion or a rider is added as a further action.
• Substantive Motion:
  When a proposed amendment to a motion is voted upon and passed, then the original motion has to be altered before it is put to vote. A motion, when amended, is called a substantive motion.
• Formal Motions:
  Discussions at a meeting may be interrupted by raising various kinds of formal or dilatory motions.
  The purposes for such motions are:
  • To raise any objection against somebody’s speech.
  • To hasten the decision by shortening discussion.
  • To kill time so that decision is delayed.